The Evolution of Human Exceptionalism and Its Implications for Animal Rights
In the past, humanity viewed itself as exceptional in many ways. We possessed rationality, harnessed the power of fire and tools, engaged in metacognition, established complex social structures, and, most significantly, delved into spirituality and religious rituals. However, this sense of exceptionalism did not lead to cruelty towards animals. Instead, ancient humans regarded animals as companions, venerated their unique qualities, and respected their sacrifices when consumed as food.
Pre-Modern Man recognized himself as a steward over the world and assumed that role with a sense of responsibility, not entitlement. For man’s sense of responsibility in light of his exceptionalism is a function of his turning towards His creator — He in whose image he was created, but in regards to whom, his exceptionalism is utterly shattered.
Regrettably, Modern Man has lost touch with this understanding of human exceptionalism. Many now view themselves as the pinnacle of evolution, interpreting nature as a resource to exploit. They heedlessly follow Sir Francis Bacon’s triumphant words, “nature [has] to be hounded and made a slave to the new mechanicized devices; science [has] to torture nature’s secrets out of her.” Livestock suffer in inhumane conditions, animals endure painful testing, and the balance of nature teeters on the brink.
On the opposite end of the spectrum, some, such as Peter Singer, deny any form of exceptionalism, attempting to equate themselves with the animal kingdom, renouncing their responsibility to nature. Such a stance only leads to negligence and indifference toward the environment and its inhabitants.
Our task is to reclaim our role as stewards of the Earth. We must acknowledge our exceptional nature and accept the responsibility it entails. This call for responsibility is not an endorsement of exploitation but rather a call to honor our unique position in the natural order.
A final word regarding scientific research. In truth, most of our actions are not rooted in experimental evidence or statistical significance. We often learn through iteration, drawing from the wisdom of our ancestors and adapting as we go. Natural experiments, manifestations of divine knowledge, are a source of information to those who pay attention. This information must be integrated with our efforts, allowing us to gradually unravel the world’s mysteries and expand the breadth of the tools available to us in the pursuit of the good life — all without animal experimentation.
In conclusion, human exceptionalism, when properly understood, should lead to a sense of responsibility rather than entitlement. We must strike a balance between our exceptional nature and our role as stewards of the Earth, treating nature and its creatures with respect and care. As we learn from our predecessors and the world around us, we can shape a harmonious coexistence with the natural world, fulfilling our duty as exceptional beings on this planet.
